Jews Praying in the Synagogue on Yom Kippur, 1878

Girl with Flowers, 1876One of the few light-toned works in Gottlieb's output.

Almsgiving, 1878A beggar woman with a child on church steps. A social subject taken without sentiment.

Head of an Old Man, 1878A character head, thickly and quickly painted — a direct conversation with Rembrandt.

Japanese Woman, 1879A late study — Europe's fascination with Japan reached Gottlieb's studio too.

Head of a Jewish Bride, 1876A study for "The Jewish Wedding" — the same face that became Jessica.

Cairo Slave Market, 1877An Orientalist scene from the Vienna years, taken on without salon lightness.

The Torah Scribe, 1876A sofer at work. Gottlieb painted religious life from the inside, as his own, rather than as an ethnographic subject.

Salome's Dance, 1879One of the last works, painted in the year of the artist's death.

Shylock and Jessica, 1876After Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice". Gottlieb gave Jessica the features of Laura Henschel, with whom he was in love, and painted Shylock not as a villain but as a father.

Boy with Violets (Portrait of Roman Hohulskyi), 1909A child's portrait with a posy of violets — one of Novakivskyi's gentlest works.

Sunset after Rain, 1911A landscape from the years when Novakivskyi was still working in Mohylnytsia, before the Lviv period.

The Flood, 1930–1931From the Google Art Project. A flood as catastrophe — one of the most dramatic compositions of Novakivskyi's late years.

In Thought (Portrait of the Artist's Wife), 1910sAnother portrait of Anna Novakivska — now in the freer, denser manner of the Lviv years.

Portrait of Halyna Holubovska, 1930A late portrait from the same family series, painted a quarter of a century after the first.

Portrait of Ivan Holubovskyi, 1905From the series of Holubovskyi family portraits that Novakivskyi painted over many years.

Landscape with a Boat, 1897The earliest work in this selection — Novakivskyi is twenty-five and still studying in Kraków.

Summer River LandscapeA river in summer light. Painted before 1935.

Ukrainian Madonna, 1919A Madonna in Ukrainian dress — an attempt to build a national sacred image rather than repeat the Byzantine canon.

Still Life, 1916Fruit and flowers in thick impasto — Novakivskyi liked his colour dense and heavy.

The Sacred Heart, 1913A sacred composition painted in the year he moved to Lviv — a religious subject handled in frankly modern, Secession terms.

Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, 1915–1919Sheptytsky was Novakivskyi's principal patron — it was he who gave the painter the Lviv studio where he opened his school.

Spring, 1930A late landscape in open colour — by now Novakivskyi had all but abandoned detail.

Portrait of the Artist's Wife, 1906A portrait of Anna Novakivska, the painter's constant model throughout his life.

Digging in the Garden, 1920Two women in white working a vegetable plot — a village subject taken without ethnographic sweetness.

In Thought, 1899An early work of the Kraków years, dated 5 November 1899.

At the Piano, 1905From the National Museum in Warsaw. An interior with two figures at the instrument — from Novakivskyi's early Kraków years.

Portrait of a Little Girl, 1882A child portrait from the Paris years, now held in Ostrava.

Lilacs, 1880A woman holding a branch of lilac — one of the softest works in colour that Bashkirtseff made.

Red-Haired Girl, c. 1882A head study with loose red hair — free painting, far from formal portraiture.

Oriental Woman, 1882An Orientalist study — a fashionable Paris genre of the 1880s that Bashkirtseff took up only once.

Georgette, 1881A Paris model in a white hat. Bashkirtseff painted women without salon idealisation — which set her apart from her contemporaries.

Caricature of Rodolphe Julian, c. 1878A caricature of the founder of the Académie Julian — one of the few Paris schools that admitted women. A rare comic piece in Bashkirtseff's work.

Girl Reading by a WaterfallA plein-air work of the Paris years, combining salon finish with live sunlight.

Portrait of Paul Bashkirtseff, 1876A portrait of the artist's brother, painted in Nice when Bashkirtseff was eighteen — before Paris and the Académie Julian. From the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice.

Colour Design, 1922An abstract colour design — the border between easel painting and the applied design Ekster turned to in Paris.

Still Life with Eggs, 1915Plain things — a dish, eggs, cloth — as a pretext for pure geometry and colour.

Venice, 1915Venice, where Ekster exhibited and mixed with the Italian Futurists.

Still Life, 1913A Cubo-Futurist still life — the genre in which Ekster moved fastest towards abstraction.

Paris Cityscape, 1912Paris as Ekster saw it at the start of her Cubist decade.

Cubist Nude, c. 1912From the MoMA collection. One of Ekster's earliest Cubist works, painted in Paris alongside the studios of Picasso and Braque.